“Greek fire” (more accurately, the Byzantines’ liquid fire) was a short-range naval flamethrower used from the 7th–14th centuries CE. Unlike pitch pots or flaming arrows, this was a projected incendiary: a pressure-pumped stream of burning liquid blasted from bronze nozzles on ships. Contemporary accounts emphasized terror at sea: flames that cl…[Read more]

Ancient Technology researcher William Sosa has spent three decades reverse-engineering the Dendera Light from a sequence of reliefs in the Hathor Temple at Dendera that depict a large, bulb-like vessel emerging from a lotus, supported by a djed pillar and “handled” by attendants with wands/knives. Rather than treating it as a room lamp, Sosa rea…[Read more]

What if the fastest way to understand an ancient site isn’t to ask “what does this symbol mean?” but “what job does this shape do?” Engineers don’t draw icons; they draw functions—channels, chambers, couplers, drains. Read temples with that mindset, and the architecture starts behaving like a diagram. This post lays out a practical, testable meth…[Read more]

Maya engineers at Tikal built a purposeful filtration system in the Corriental reservoir that used layered minerals. Sediment cores from the reservoir contain zeolite and clean euhedral quartz that do not occur naturally at that location, which signals deliberate import and placement. Researchers identified the minerals through X-ray diffraction…[Read more]